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Government Wants All Student Data: Is this for a Military Draft?


Federal Plan to Keep Data on Students Worries Some

WASHINGTON, Nov. 28 – A proposal by the federal government to create a vast new database of enrollment records on all college and university students is raising concerns that the move will erode the privacy rights of students.

Until now, universities have provided individual student information to the federal government only in connection with federally financed student aid. Otherwise, colleges and universities submit information about overall enrollment, graduation, prices and financial aid without identifying particular students.

For the first time, however, colleges and universities would have to give the government data on all students individually, whether or not they received financial assistance, with their Social Security numbers.

The bid arises from efforts in Congress and elsewhere to extend the growing emphasis on school accountability in elementary and high schools to postsecondary education. Supporters say that government oversight of individual student data will make it easier for taxpayers and policy makers to judge the quality of colleges and universities through more reliable statistics on graduation, transfers and retention.

The change would also allow federal officials to track individual students as they journey through the higher education system. In recent years, increasing numbers of students have been attending more than one university, dropping out or taking longer than the traditional four years to graduate. Current reporting practices cannot capture such trends; a mobile student is recorded as a new student at each institution.

Under the proposal, the National Center for Education Statistics at the Department of Education would receive, analyze and guard the data. In making its case for the change, the center points to a history of working with student information and says it has never been forced to share it with law enforcement or other agencies. The proposal, first reported in the current issue of The Chronicle of Higher Education, is supported by the American Council on Education, the American Association of State Colleges and Universities, and the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, but opposed by other education organizations, like the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities.

A department overview of the proposal insisted that data would not be shared with other agencies and that outsiders could not gain access. By law, the summary says in capitals, “Information about individuals may NEVER leave N.C.E.S.,” the National Center for Education Statistics.

But Jasmine L. Harris, legislative director at the United States Student Association, an advocacy group for students, said that since the Sept. 11 attacks, the balance between privacy and the public interest had been shifting. “We’re in a different time now, a very different climate,” Ms. Harris said. “There’s the huge possibility that the database could be misused, and there are no protections for student privacy.”

She pointed to the National Directory of New Hires, a register of people who re-enter the workforce, which began as an effort to track job trends. Since its creation, however, the database has also been used to track parents who fail to pay child support or who owe the federal government non-tax debt, she said. “The door is wide open,” Ms. Harris said.

Luke Swarthout, higher education associate at the State PIRG for Higher Education, said his civic group, which has always monitored consumer issues and privacy rights, was of two minds about the plan. Improving the available data was important for Congress, policymakers and the public, who finance higher education through government loans and grants, Mr. Swarthout said. “But any time you’re compiling a list of millions and millions of students, as they go through college, move and have Social Security numbers, we get concerns from a privacy perspective.”

For colleges to hand over information on individual students, Congress would have to create an exemption to existing federal privacy laws, said Sarah Flanagan, vice president for government relations at the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities.

“The concept that you enter a federal registry by the act of enrolling in a college in this country is frightening to us,” Ms. Flanagan said.

She said that officials from some states had already announced they would like to match the data against prison records. In states where such data is already collected from public universities, she added, there has been pressure to check the school data on students against housing records, driver’s licenses and employment records.

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Reporter’s Diary: The Battle of Fallujah

The Battle of Fallujah

U.S. may have won, but at a great personal cost

By Tom Lasseter
Knight Ridder Newspapers

11.8.04, Monday

FALLUJAH, Iraq – Capt. Sean Sims watched artillery shells fall and explode in a blast of sand and rubble, close enough to hear but too far to see what they hit. It was Sims’ first daylight look at the rebel-held city of Fallujah on Monday afternoon, just hours before he would lead his men deep into its heart.

A Marine Harrier jet screamed overhead. A Mark-19 automatic grenade launcher nearby let loose – bomb-boom-boom – sending grenades to burst in the distance.

As commander of Alpha Company, of the 1st Infantry Division’s Task Force 2-2, Sims drew a mission the U.S. military had sought to avoid since the start of the Iraq war: house-to-house fighting in an urban landscape that gave rebels many places to hide, significantly offsetting the superior firepower of U.S. troops while risking civilian casualties and vast property destruction. It would be the most intense urban combat for U.S. troops since the 1968 battle for Hue, in Vietnam.

Sims’ men would win the battle, yet no one would feel like celebrating. Killing the enemy, they learned, was sobering. More so was the loss of friends.

Sims would not come back.

Before his men left the Forward Operating Base near Fallujah that morning, battalion commander, Lt. Col. Pete Newell, gathered them in a circle. “This is as pure a fight of good versus evil as we will probably face in our lifetime,” he said.

Alpha Company was heading to the city’s eastern corridor, the Askari neighborhood, from where they would turn south into industrial districts and finally hook back to the west, running for six bleary days with almost no sleep.

Although most of the city’s 300,000 residents had fled, intelligence briefings suggested the Askari neighborhood – home to many former officers in Saddam Hussein’s army – had been turned into one big bunker, with car bombs, booby traps and snipers’ nests.

None of the young American men had ever set foot in the town, shared a cup of tea with a resident or seen the ornate blue domes that topped the mosques.

After Sims took in the view, soldiers of Alpha Company scrambled to a road overlooking Fallujah. Then sniper fire began and the battle was joined. Some soldiers emptied their M-16 clips, some yelling, others laughing as return sniper fire pinged off the Bradleys and pavement around them.

“Lord, I have to say a special prayer now,” the 32-year-old Sims said in the soft-spoken accent of his hometown of Eddy, Texas.

He hustled up a berm to the road to link up with the Task Force 2-2 reconnaissance team.

Crouched down on his right knee, Sims watched the insurgents’ mortar rounds land, and a minute or two later he heard the retort of U.S. artillery. A few hundred yards away, the outskirts of Fallujah rose out of the desert in a warren of sand-colored houses.

Satellite images after recent airstrikes showed dozens of ensuing explosions that probably resulted from roadside bombs.

“Everybody realizes that it’s something that will affect the rest of our lives, in terms of seeing that type of combat,” Sims said a few days earlier. “When the first bullet impacts, you know the eyes of the world are going to be on you.”

Near Sims, a sniper lay on his belly with a rifle scope pressed against his eyes. A five-man insurgent team was scampering in and out of the buildings of Askari. One rebel appeared to be carrying mortars.

More bullets flew by, and the mortar rounds grew closer. Capt. Kirk Mayfield, of the recon team, yelled, “Everyone behind the truck.”

Standing next to his Humvee, Mayfield screamed for U.S. mortar strikes on the five-man team. After the ensuing rumble, a voice called over the radio: “Can I get a battle damage assessment?”

“An assessment?” the reply came. “There is no more building.”

Sims laughed to himself.

Sniper shots zipped by, pinging off the Humvee.

“Where is that sniper? Here it is,” Mayfield barked, turning to a gunner behind an automatic grenade launcher. “Blow him away.”

The red-hot streak of another bullet whizzed past. The gunner shot round after round, with explosions echoing across the town, then pulled a pair of binoculars to his face and announced, “He is not there anymore.”

Sims called over to his men, “Let’s go,” and they went scrambling back down the dirt berm.

At about 7 p.m., he lined up his vehicle behind his First and Third platoons as they braced for the fight.

Sitting in the back of Sims’ Bradley Fighting Vehicle, Corp. Travis Barreto, from Brooklyn, leaned over and tried to get a glimpse through one of the small rectangle windows at the back of the truck.

A truck pulled up carrying a rocket with about 350 feet of cord attached to it and 5-pound blocks of C4 plastic explosives spaced out every foot down the line. With a small whoosh, the rocket flew forward and a wall of flame shot up. Roadside bombs planted by rebels exploded, one after the other.

Barreto cheered.

“You know we’re going to destroy this town,” said Barreto, 22.

“I hope so,” replied the soldier sitting next to him.

Phosphorous shells came next, releasing bouncing white orbs of smoke. The gunner on top of the Bradley began firing 25 mm high explosive rounds, filling the cabin of the Bradley with an ammonia-like smell. Barreto looked outside the window again and could see only smoke and flashes of light.

The U.S. artillery shells were coming in “Danger Close” – the thin line between uncomfortably near and death.

Insurgent AK-47 fire rang off the sides of the Bradley. Explosions sounded to the rear, but it was impossible to tell which belonged to roadside bombs and which were rocket-propelled grenades.

As the hours passed, soldiers tried to grab a few minutes of sleep, slumping their heads on the next shoulder. Each time they began to drift off another explosion would jolt them awake.

Large concrete barriers and parked cars blocked in the road in some places. The big M1A1 Abrams tanks lined up and pounded the obstacles with 120 mm shells, shaking the air.

Sims followed his platoons, which moved a few blocks at a time, one in front of the other, before stopping. The rear hatch of the Bradley lowered amid yells of “Dismount! Dismount!” The soldiers, having ridden in a tight, sweaty box through the battle – their knees cramped and aching – ran out, then slammed to their knees and took cover beside a wall. Then came “Go! Go! Go!” and the men busted through the front door of a house and, waving their rifles, cleared rooms before storming upstairs.

Sims parked his vehicle with two others in a blocking position on the road outside before following to the rooftop, where his soldiers set up a lookout.

With bullets whizzing, Sims and his men crouched down with the third platoon and assessed the battle. Barreto, acting as a guard, crouched next to Sims with a dazed look on his face.

“It’s weird how we can be looking at the rooftops and there’s no one,” he said, “and all of a sudden they’re shooting at us.” An AC-130 airplane flew overhead, shooting its cannons in a low roar.

The third platoon reported that the house next door had a jumble of wires leading to a propane tank. Fearing a booby trap, Sims got on the radio and called for a tank to level the building. The call came back: the road was too narrow. Well, Sims said, blow a hole through a wall and drive through it.

“It’s difficult terrain,” Sims yelled over the noise around him. “We’re having to move deliberately through the rubble.”

He took another look around the rooftop, then scurried back downstairs and into his Bradley.

Mortar rounds began to fall, at first far away, then closer and closer as unseen insurgents walked their mortar fire forward a few feet at a time. Sims’ Bradley was stuck between two other vehicles, but to veer off the road would risk hitting a mine or bomb. Another mortar fell, and its shrapnel tattooed the side of the Bradley and rattled those sitting inside. “Kill those b——-, kill those motherf——,” someone screamed in the darkness.

No one said another word.

11.9.04, Tuesday

Thirteen hours after the push began, Sims and his men looked gray and worn. Dirt was beginning to cover their faces and uniforms. Their ears ached. After two hours of sleep on a concrete floor of an abandoned house, their eyes were dulled.

“At first, last night, when we came in and heard all the AK-47 fire we freaked out,” said Sgt. Brandon Bailey, 21, of Big Bear, Calif. “But now as long as it’s not coming right at us, we’re fine.”

Later, Bailey said it felt like the enemy was coming from every direction.

“So we just went ape shit with the cannon, shooting everything,” he said.

How many people did they kill? Bailey shrugged his shoulders.

Sims’ temporary headquarters was a mostly empty house. It stood on the north side of Fallujah’s main road which, like all east-west roads there, was given a woman’s name by military planners: Fran. On the other side stood the beginnings of the city’s industrial district, where more insurgents lay in wait.

Tanks were parked up and down Fran, and ordnance disposal teams were already identifying the homemade bombs – Improvised Explosive Devices, in military lingo – that lined the road. They were densely packed, but with no one to detonate them, the bombs sat idle as Army trucks rolled by.

Inside the house, the family that fled left handwritten verses of the Quran on the doorways, a tradition intended to keep homes safe. Baby formula was scattered around and a kerosene heater was stored in a utility closet. A painting of Mecca, Islam’s holiest city, hung on the wall in the front room.

Bullet holes pocked the walls of the house. Its windows were shattered. Pieces of plaster and concrete were strewn about. A solider defecated in a stairwell, and the stench grew with the morning sun.

Staff Sgt. Jason Ward was sitting outside the house in his M-113 armored truck – a square box on tank tracks used to cart casualties off the battlefield.

Ward, from Midland, Texas, had a deeper accent than Sims, a square jaw and a blank expression. He was chewing on a Slim Jim. Ward said he’d ferried at least 10 injured soldiers the night before.

“It’s been very intense,” he said. “For a lot of our younger soldiers, it’s overwhelming.”

He wore a bracelet with the name “Marvin Sprayberry III” etched on it, just above “KIA” and “True Friend.”

Sprayberry was Ward’s best friend. He was a good man. He was killed on May 3 when the vehicle he was in rolled over during a firefight. That was all Ward had to say on the matter.

Resting in a Humvee nearby, 1st Lt. Edward Iwan was scrolling down a flat blue computer screen, mounted to the dashboard, that showed the location of every Army and Marine unit in Fallujah. Iwan, Alpha company’s executive officer, noted that his men were deeper in the city than any other unit.

“It’s a fairly complex environment, like we thought it would be,” said Iwan, 28, of Albion, Neb. “Cities are where people die. That’s where you take most of your casualties.”

Iwan looked out through the Humvee’s window at a thicket of buildings in every direction.

“There are 8,000 places to hide,” he said, shaking his head.

Across the street, a long row of shops, once home to mechanics and carpenters, lay in ruins. Tin cigarette stands leaned on their sides, pocked with bullet holes.

Sims was on the roof of the house, sitting against a wall, his legs crossed at the ankle with a map on his lap. A little past dawn, after an hour or two lull, the shooting started again.

A reporter offered Sims a satellite phone to call his family. No thanks, he said. He wanted to talk with them when he got somewhere quieter. He had an infant son, Colin, whose brown hair and small ears, which poked out on the sides, looked just like his father’s.

Sims wondered aloud if the bullets flying by were aimed at him. During the next couple minutes, several ricocheted off the roof near him.

“OK, that’s a sniper right there,” he said with a small grin as his men grabbed their guns and crouched so only the top of their heads showed above the roofline.

Sims picked up the radio and called in an artillery strike to “soften” the sniper positions. His call sign was Terminator Six.

Barreto moved his rifle slowly, scanning the cluster of houses nearby. “He’s somewhere from my 11 o’clock to my 3 o’clock,” he muttered.

Spc. Luis Lopez, 21, was too short to rest his M14 sniper rifle on the roof, so he created a step from a metal box containing a child’s Snoopy sneaker.

The company radio squawked with sightings of snipers and everyone adjusted their aim: a circle window to the southwest, a rooftop to the southeast, a crevice in the wall to the southwest. With every new location, the men clenched their triggers and shell casings flew up in the air. The sniper rounds stopped. And then, they began again.

“He shot right at me,” yelled Barreto, ducking. “He shot right AT me.”

Those soldiers who weren’t on sniper rotation sat on the roof with their brown Meal Ready to Eat packets, finding the main meal – bean burrito, country captain chicken, beef teriyaki – and dunking it with water in the cooking pouch, which smelled of cardboard and chemicals.

They talked about Steve Faulkenburg, the battalion sergeant major, shot in the head the night before. What the hell was he doing out there, they asked. Directing traffic, trying to get a truckload of Iraqi National Guardsmen out of the line of fire. The tough 45-year-old was from Huntingburg, a small town in southern Indiana where there are cornfields and a population of about 5,500. There’s a Victorian-style downtown district there with brick-lined sidewalks and streets named Chestnut and Washington. Thousands of miles from home, he’d fallen dead, in the dark, on a street with no name.

“Friendlies coming up, friendlies coming up,” other soldiers yelled as they climbed the stairs to the roof.

A building a few blocks away quaked with fresh explosions that sent ashes falling like snowflakes. Flames shot into the sky.

The radio squawked: “OK, I’ve got an injury to sergeant … and I’m unaware if it is a gunshot wound to the groin or a shrapnel wound to the groin.”

Another report came in: A second sergeant had been shot. The soldiers on the rooftop with Sims paused, shook their heads, then turned back to the fight.

When they got bored or scared of being on the rooftop, some of the men – young and with an awkward day’s stubble on their upper lips – went outside and around the corner to see the Fat Man. “Hey dude, we’re going to see the Fat Man, wanna come?” they said.

Their boots crunched hurriedly across the rubble outside the house and then slid down a muddy hill of trash and feces.

The Fat Man lay in his own blood. He was an Iraqi insurgent who’d hidden in an alley next to a garbage dump waiting for the Army to come by. A couple 25 mm high explosive rounds, shot from a Bradley, blew off his left leg, leaving a stump of bone, and, from the looks of it, punched a hole through his midsection. Two or three others died with him. A group of insurgents managed to drag the others away, but the Fat Man was too big. His arms were still splayed back from where his comrades tried to pull him through the narrow alley.

Some of his guts – perhaps an intestinal tract – were splattered on the wall. His eyes were open, peering out from his dirty face and scraggly beard, staring at the heavens. A traditional red-and-white checked Arab keffiyah headdress was wrapped around his waist, and a bag with slots for RPG rounds – all empty – lay on the ground next to him.

The Fat Man was the first dead person that many soldiers had seen. They grew solemn as they leaned over his body and peered into his eyes, but never too close, never close enough to touch his skin or take in too deep a whiff of death.

11.10.04, Wednesday

Joshua Franqui, a big kid with a tooth missing from the bottom of his smile, grew up in Augusta, Ga., and had never been farther than Louisiana before he signed up with the Army.

His uniform was stiff with sweat and dirt, and he’d become quiet over the past few days. No one asked why. Maybe it was all the noise from the gun he manned from his Bradley’s gunner seat: the M242 25 mm “Bushmaster,” a weapon capable of shooting 200 high explosive rounds a minute.

Maybe it was seeing what his “25 mike-mike” did to human bodies.

A buddy walked up and asked, “Hey, Franqui, how many kills you got?”

Franqui looked down, the smile slipping off his face.

“I don’t know, man,” he said. “Sometimes they sort of vaporize when we hit ’em.”

Franqui was standing in the front room of the house where he and his First Platoon mates had been catching off hours of sleep for the past couple days. They’d urinated in the corners and defecated on the floor.

Many of the men wore skull and crossbones patches sewn onto their vests.

But Fallujah was not the place for bravado. It was constant, pounding violence, the sort that left the heat of passing bullets on a young soldier’s face, and the crack and boom of RPGs ringing in his head.

On Tuesday, about eight men from the platoon had been trapped on the roof of a schoolhouse, with RPGs thudding into the walls and bullets coming down on them. A Bradley shot smoke rounds, and the soldiers jumped off the roof to escape slaughter.

Soldiers didn’t discuss it when sitting around and sharing cigarettes.

Resting against his SAW machine gun – a large gun with a tripod that weighs more than 16 pounds – Spc. Sheldon Howard, 20, listened as his platoon commander gave orders to move out in a few minutes. Dark rings formed below his eyes. Dirt showed in thick bands across his forehead when he took off his helmet.

Howard, who wore glasses and had a round face, grew up near a Navajo reservation outside of Farmington, N.M., and usually didn’t speak much.

“I’m tired and I don’t want to be here,” Howard said. “I don’t want to take all of this back with me, but I probably will.”

Picking through a box of MREs, Sgt. Scott Bentley, 22, said he didn’t mind killing insurgents in Fallujah because it would keep them from coming up to his base north of Baghdad. “I’m tired of my buddies dying,” he said.

Bentley, of Philadelphia, allowed that the past few days had been rough.

“Every place we take a roof, the RPGs come flying,” he said. At times, he said, he and his men were “just kind of spraying and praying.”

The lieutenant walked in and said it was time to go. Howard hefted up his weapon and jogged outside to his Bradley, the one with the number “16” written on an orange tarp hanging off the back of the turret.

The vehicle began taking fire almost immediately. Its 25 mm gun roared.

A group of fighters darted from one house to the next, launching RPGs, which were exploding all around.

Spc. Arthur Wright watched out of the porthole-like windows of the Bradley.

“They killed somebody,” he yelled. “There’s body parts all over the streets. Yes! Yes!”

The back of the Bradley lurched open, and the men scrambled toward a house where insurgents had fled.

A shotgun blasted the front door, a kick and then another shotgun blast. Smoke filled the house.

“Don’t touch anything,” said Sgt. Isaac Ward. “They may have deliberately broken contact to lure us in.”

M-16 fire rang through the next room. Howard ran that way, only to find soldiers staring at an open back door.

The soldiers went through the door and down an alleyway, scanning the roofline for movement. Gunfire started a couple blocks away.

Ward wiped sweat from his eyes.

“They’ve got this shit figured out,” he said. “They’re running around the back of a house as we bust in through the gate.”

Outside, the bodies Wright had seen were lying in the street.

One of them had been run over by a Bradley, leaving a mound of meat and bones in the sunlight. A large green bag lay next to the remains.

Howard took out a camera and clicked a few pictures.

Bentley ran over to grab the bag. He gave it a yank, and an arm rose out of the pile, but the strap would not give. With his friends looking on, Bentley pulled harder and harder, and the arm flapped in the air. Another soldier joined in the tug of war, and the arm leapt up, disgorged from its body, and Bentley fell back a little, bag in hand.

“F—— Hajji,” he muttered, using grunt slang for Iraqis.

Inside, a stack of $100 and $20 bills was covered with gore. Bentley flipped through quickly, and counted about $800 in all.

Back in the Bradley, Wright asked if Bentley would get to keep the money. No, said Sgt. Randy Laird. It was being put in a plastic bag and handed over to an intelligence officer. Laird, a 24-year-old from Lake Charles, La., with dirty blond hair, paused.

Besides, he said, who would want cash with all that blood on it?

Sgt. Dave Bowden laughed.

“It’s just a little bit of Hajji blood,” he said. “What’s the problem?”

11.11.04, Thursday

Despite heavy gunfire outside, Laird popped open the Bradley’s rear hatch a few inches for fresh air. Alpha Company was pushing through southern Fallujah, a maze of factories and empty buildings they called Queens. Hardcore insurgents were rallying there, some of them swimming across the Euphrates river to join the fight.

A pack of Marlboro Reds, one of the last good packs of cigarettes left in the platoon, was passed around. There was no moon in the sky, the crescent having disappeared a few nights before.

The battle had pushed 72 hours straight, and the soldiers had gotten, maybe, seven hours sleep.

Wright began to talk about his past in a jumble. He’d joined the Army after the state of New Jersey sentenced him to probation for marijuana possession. His mom was an administrative assistant at a hospital in Harlem.

The Army made him a supply clerk. He hated it – passing out notebooks and pencils while others went out on field exercises. So he’d asked Sims if he could switch with a guy who was leaving the infantry unit. He got his wish. The two were close – when Sims heard Wright wasn’t getting care packages, Sims called his own wife, a school teacher, who got a class to adopt him. Wright would walk into the captain’s room, sit down and talk about “girls and what I want to do with my life.”

Touching his hand to his gaunt face, Wright’s voice softened.

“I’ve gotten so skinny since I’ve been in Iraq,” he said. “I mighta lost 30 pounds.”

In the glow of his night-vision goggles, hanging off his helmet, the high cheekbone of his ebony face glistened with sweat.

Throughout the week, most of the soldiers had moments of confession – in the back of a Bradley, lying on the ground just before closing their eyes, taking a break between firefights. Their voices came out of the darkness, tired and usually directed at no one in particular. Some were sweet. The men missed their girlfriends and wives, and they took their pictures out of notebooks to look at them one more time. Some stories were hard. One guy talked about guard duty in Kosovo one day and getting angry about being there, in the middle of nowhere, in the middle of nothing. He saw a mentally ill child who always came to the gate, asking for candy. The soldier told him to come over, and then he punched him as hard as he could, over and over, just to see if the kid would come back the next day. When he did, the soldier beat him again, laughing.

After that story, Laird told the soldier he was a coward and an ass.

Laird’s father committed suicide when he was 12, and Laird dropped out of school when he was 14. He spoke often about his son, 2 1/2 year-old Brayden, who was back at home in Germany with his mother.

“Every time he sees somebody in uniform, he thinks it’s daddy,” Laird said.

Brayden would run up to soldiers and hug their legs, thinking he’d found his father. “I’m sure after a while, he’ll understand that I killed people, that I’ve seen dead bodies,” Laird said. “It’s emotional now when I see a war movie because I know what they’re going through. Especially when guys in full dress uniform go to a mother and say her son is dead and she falls to the floor. It makes me think about my mom getting that call.”

Sitting a couple men over on the bench of a Bradley was Bowden, whose father was in the 82nd Airborne Division and who grew up knowing he’d join as soon as he turned 18. His father later became a sheriff’s deputy at the Pike County, Pa., sheriff’s department, and his mother got a job at a local factory.

“When people say that war is the most terrible thing, they ain’t wrong,” Bowden said. “The things it does to people. You think that killing people for your country is cool, but when you do, it just numbs you.”

Bentley re-enlisted last October because he knew his unit was headed to Iraq and he didn’t want them to go without him. “I remember every face I see out there, every moment out there,” he said. “I can’t forget it. I can’t make it go away.”

11.12.04, Friday

Standing in the rubble, the soldiers gathered the AK-47s and RPGs left by the group of fighters who’d fled.

The house, yet another in a line of dozens if not hundreds, was blown apart by Bradley and Abrams tank fire. “It’s intense, that’s about all there is to say,” said Spc. John Bandy, 23, of Little Rock, Ark. “The determination these guys have against our forces, these little bands of guys shooting at tanks, it’s almost admirable.”

He took a long drag from his cigarette. Bullets were in the air. Artillery shells whooshed by, on their way to punching a hole in some building or person.

A sofa survived the shelling, and some men were sitting on it, taking a breather. They could see into the next house through holes in the wall.

The cat and mouse pursuit, insurgents flitting from one spot to the next, a step ahead of heavily armored vehicles and the infantry, made the men angrier.

Increasingly, they turned to Laird, a forward observer for the artillery, and asked him to pound a house with 155 mm shells.

“We trained to fight a country with armor on a field,” Laird said. “These guys shoot at us, drop their weapons and become a civilian again.”

The men picked up their weapons and jogged to the next house. Spc. Fredrick Ofori was in the lead. A 24-year-old from Ghana, whose family moved to New York looking for work, Ofori’s face was drawn tightly, without emotion, as usual. His lithe, compact body showed muscle at every movement.

Wright teased him about not going out to clubs back in Vilseck, about not throwing down drinks with his buddies and picking up women. “That is your life,” Ofori would respond. “It is not for me.”

Ofori said more than once that getting a Combat Infantryman’s Badge meant little to him. The ribbons, he said, were for talking, and he was here to fight so he could go home.

He respected the insurgents, he said, for their willingness to fight to the death.

The streets outside were littered with dead men, their corpses left for cats and dogs to gnaw on after the sun set. The sight of bearded insurgents, eyes open, lying in gutters was no longer a novelty.

Walking through the house, Ofori turned his gun toward a doorway. Shots rang out. A fighter in the room had been waiting with a grenade in hand. He’d probably been listening the entire time as the men sat on the sofa next door, their voices wafting through the holes in the wall.

When he jumped forward, he didn’t scream “Allahu Akbar” – God is Great – as insurgents often did. He moved in silence, until Ofori’s fire blew him back. Ofori looked down for a few seconds and walked out of the room. The soldiers behind him went inside to ogle. “Damn, look at Hajji,” one said.

Walking into the garage, Ofori found a dead fighter lying on the ground next to a pickup truck outfitted with a machine gun.

Having heard of the incident, the New York Post wrote a headline calling Ofori a “Coney Island Hero.”

His mother told the newspaper, “he doesn’t like that Army food.”

Later in the day, an RPG tore through the torso of Lt. Iwan, the company’s executive officer, ripping his body apart. He was 28.

11.13.04, Saturday

The day before his men pushed into Fallujah, Capt. Sims went through a “rock drill” with Task Force 2-2. The platoons’ leaders stood around a sketch of the city, fashioned in the dirt with rocks for houses and the tips of artillery shells for mosques. Code names such as Objective Panther and Objective Lion marked schools and mosques to be taken.

Six days later, sitting with a map of the city in front of him, Sims no longer spoke in military lingo.

His friend, Lt. Iwan, was dead. The fight had creased Sims’ face, bleared his eyes and turned his voice more hesitant.

“It’s tough. I don’t know what to think about it yet,” he said slowly, searching for words. “All of this will be forever tainted because we lost him.”

A reporter offered him, again, a phone to call his family. Sims thought about it, and said no. He wanted to get through the fight first.

A CNN crew came by, accompanied by an escort from Task Force 2-2’s headquarters. They wanted to see houses where there’d been fighting, and they were taken to the one where Ofori killed a man the day before.

One of the reporters asked Ofori to talk on camera about killing the insurgent in the first room. He said all he’d agree to do is point to where it happened.

The fighter Ofori found by the pickup truck had been nibbled on, probably by neighborhood cats who always went for the softness of the lips first. With his lips eaten away, the man’s teeth were frozen in a joker’s grin.

Most of the First Platoon soldiers stayed outside. They’d already seen the dead and didn’t need to see them again.

The men then loaded up in their Bradleys and, with the tracks crunching the concrete below them, rumbled down the street.

Sims took a group of men to clear a house so they could set up an observation post on the roof.

Inside, a group of rebels was waiting. They’d slept for days on dirty mats and blankets, eating green peppers and dates from plastic tubs.

Gunfire raged when Sims and his men came through the front door. Two soldiers were hit near the shoulder and were rushed out by the men next to them.

Crouching by a wall outside, Laird screamed into his radio, “Negative, I cannot move, we’re pinned down right now! We have friendlies down! Friendlies down!”

He crouched down on a knee, sweating and waiting for help. A line of troops ran up, taking cover. They shot their way into the house.

They found Sims lying on the kitchen floor, his blood pouring across dirty tile. An empty teapot sat on concrete stairs nearby. A heart, drawn in red with an arrow through it, adorned a cabinet.

Someone grabbed a radio: “Terminator Six is down.”

“The b——-,” Bentley said. “We’ve got a blood trail leaving the building, going into the next house.”

A group of soldiers ran out the door, looking for revenge. Others gathered blankets.

They couldn’t lift Sims’ body, so they called in Howard, who lugged the squad’s heavy machine gun but whose broad shoulders were sagging from the news.

Once Sims was laid on the floor of a Bradley outside, six soldiers and a reporter climbed in, slowly at first, trying not to step on the body. Someone outside yelled at them to cram in, if they had to step on Sims’ body, do it, god damn it, do it.

Gunfire was pounding back and forth.

The hatch closed. The soldiers stared at each other. The soldiers stared at the ceiling. The soldiers stared at the hatch. The soldiers stared at anything but the mound on the floor.

Wright was sobbing and shaking. Howard had tears streaming down his cheeks.

The Bradley dropped them off at another house, where the platoon leaders from Alpha Company had gathered in a courtyard. Their commanding officer and their executive officer were dead.

An airstrike with a 2,000-pound bomb was ordered. Men huddled around each other, hugging those who couldn’t stop crying. They passed out a handful of cigarettes.

Ofori had no tears on his face. He’d been looking at the ground for 10 minutes.

Sgt. Isaac Ward walked up to him, put a hand on his shoulder and said: “We have work to do now. We’ll talk about this later. Get ready to go.”

Artillery and mortar fragments flew over the courtyard wall.

It was Bowden’s 22nd birthday.

“I had to help put him in the body bag,” Bowden said. “When we took the blanket off him and saw his face, all these thoughts ran through my head — I’d just seen him in the morning.”

Laird and Ward rode to a house a few streets away, where Marines had taken up camp. They climbed some stairs, jumped over a wall and stayed low as the bullets flew by. Looking out over the houses, Laird called in artillery and gave coordinates for the 2,000 bomb.

Smoke covered the horizon, and with a boom, a mosque’s minaret disappeared. Buildings burned.

Spc. James Barney, who drove the Bradley that carried Sims’ body, stood by the vehicle outside, talking to himself. “We need to just finish it, level the whole damn city,” he said. “I’m tired of this place, I’m tired of this shit.”

11.14.04, Sunday

Saturday night, the men rested for the first time in seven days, sleeping on a patch of dirt just outside the city. They huddled beneath tarps, close to each other for body heat. When they awoke, they walked around looking at their Bradleys and the deep gouges on the sides from AK-47 fire and shrapnel. One caught fire after an RPG hit it, and its crew was sorting through charred ammunition boxes and pulling out bullets that hadn’t cooked off. An RPG destroyed the protection plate on the side of another, and in daylight the soldiers could see the tip had been an inch or so from exploding into the cabin.

Their uniforms were almost brown with dirt and sweat. Several had blood on their pants.

The 1st Infantry Division’s commanding officer, Maj. Gen. John R. S. Batiste, came by, his uniform clean and neatly pressed. He moved quickly from one vehicle to the next, talking in a low tone and shaking hands.

The soldiers looked at him with sunken eyes and said little.

A few days later, Laird and some of the guys were given a few hours at camp near Fallujah to get some chow-hall food and take showers. They sat at the table, with TV news about Iraq in the background, and ate without talking much. A discussion of Sims tapered off. The men who had killed the captain had gotten away.

“Being in our track and smelling him — I’m glad I never saw his face,” Ward said of Sims.

On his way out, Laird turned and said he’d been thinking about his son.

“I don’t want my boy to know his daddy’s a killer,” he said. With that, he picked up his gun and walked out the door.

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German refuge where America tends its wounded

German refuge where America tends its wounded

Blood, tears and compassion fatigue at crowded sanctuary for US war casualties

Landstuhl, Germany – The battle for Falluja was almost over. Sergeant Kevin Freiburger had been examining the body of a dead insurgent, when a group of marines asked him to check a nearby house for booby traps. As he opened a door to an upstairs room, he says, “I was shot five times. I returned fire, and fell back into another room.”

Whoever was in the room also threw a grenade after him. “I saw him. He saw me. It was all over in a split second. I could just make out someone dark-skinned sitting on a couch,” he says.

Within hours of being wounded, Sgt Freiburger was flown out of Baghdad on a transport plane. Seven hours later, he was among a fresh wave of American casualties landing at Ramstein air base in Germany, swapping Iraq and its shimmering Tigris river for the neat wooded state of Rheinland-Pfalz.

From there, it was a 10-minute ride by bus to Landstuhl regional medical centre, the largest American military hospital outside the United States.

It is here that the ever-growing number of casualties from the Bush administration’s twin wars in Iraq and Afghanistan end up – and one place where the mounting human cost to American servicemen is apparent.

Battle wounds

Founded in 1951 and situated on a hill surrounded by towering pines, the hospital treated US military personnel and their families throughout the cold war. After the September 11 attacks, though, its task has increased. Almost 21,000 soldiers involved in the Afghan and Iraq wars have passed through Landstuhl since then, many of them blind, burned, maimed or limbless. Last week, as American troops entered Falluja, the hospital treated 257 soldiers with battle wounds – the highest number since the previous US offensive in the Sunni town in April.

The number of beds in the intensive care unit rose from 18 to 28; in the surgery ward it increased from 64 to 117. More casualties have arrived this week. One morning, a blue-painted military bus brought in 39 patients. The two most seriously wounded soldiers were taken out first on litters. One had his face blown off. Both were unconscious and intubated. The less seriously injured emerged next, followed by the walking wounded.

Doctors in fatigues and wearing purple plastic gloves meet every aircraft. At least 1,228 members of the US military have been killed since last year’s invasion of Iraq. And yet, in Landstuhl, disillusionment with the war is either hard to find, or is artfully concealed.

(Visiting journalists, who are accompanied at all times by a Sgt Battle, are allowed to interview only those soldiers approved by the hospital’s press office.)

Hospital officials insist that morale among the wounded is high; that marines are especially “close-knit”; and that most are keen to return “down range”, as Iraq is known. “I don’t have any feelings towards the man who shot me,” says Sgt Freiburger, 27, of the Okinawa-based Marine Support Group.

He had been in Iraq for about 45 days when he was shot. He survived only because his body armour stopped three of the bullets. Falluja was “weird”, he says. “I entered the city after the main fighting had gone on. It seemed pretty desolate. Our job was to remove the bodies of the insurgents. They were starting to smell. We came up to one guy who had a bunch of rocket-propelled grenades next to him.”

What happened to the man who shot him? Did he escape?

“I don’t know. I’m the good guy. He’s the bad guy. I’m fighting for what I believe in. He’s fighting for what he believes in.”

Yesterday, Sgt Freiburger was packing up to go. Outside, other soldiers shuffled along the corridor. Another marine in a wheelchair dropped in to say goodbye. The maximum stay in Landstuhl is 15 days: long enough for its team of 150 doctors to stabilise the patients’ conditions before they are flown back to the US for long-term treatment. The latest medical technology ensures that soldiers who might have died in past conflicts can now, often, be kept alive. The critically wounded are flown to Landstuhl by CCAT or critical care air transport – in effect, a mobile intensive care unit.

Only US casualties get this privileged treatment, however. Iraqis take their chances in local hospitals. Landstuhl has treated patients from 32 different countries, but the list does not include Iraq.

“It is very clear to us in this hospital that the war isn’t over,” says Landstuhl’s head nurse, Major Kendra Whyatt. “For the past 18 months I have been dancing.

“Some of them are banged up pretty bad. They have broken arms, broken legs and blast injuries. Some of them can walk; others can’t.” Many of her patients are also deeply traumatised. “Some can’t get the words out. All they can do is cry.”

Some of the less seriously injured go on cruises of the nearby Rhein; there are even wine tastings. While Washington has said it will shut many of its German bases, there are no plans to close Landstuhl.

“The soldiers are always so happy to see green and feel the rain. It’s so much cooler here,” says David Bowerman, the hospital’s chaplain, who meets every new delivery of wounded. He, too, is convinced that the war in Iraq is worth fighting.

“I was up at Normandy standing in the cemetery at Omaha beach. I thought about the soldiers from the US who died there. I didn’t get the sense that they thought, ‘Let’s hand Europe to the Nazis’,” he says. “It’s an awful thing to have people die and with life-long injuries. But sacrifices have to be made.”

Inevitably, though, some sacrifices are greater than others. Last weekend, two soldiers died from their wounds in Landstuhl: 22-year-old Corporal Joseph Heredia and Corporal Joseph Welke, 20. Both had been wounded in Falluja.

The US defence department offers to fly the families of the critically wounded to Landstuhl to see them, often for the last time. Those relatives who choose to go stay in a purpose-built hostel a short stroll from the emergency entrance.

Few doubts

Its manager, Kathy Gregory, praises Tony Blair for his decision to send British troops to Iraq; the families of four Black Watch soldiers wounded there had recently stayed in her hostel. She had few doubts about the US mission in Iraq. She felt America would soon “turn the corner.”

“I wish more people around the world would see the big picture,” she says. “We are not in Iraq to satisfy US interests. It is for the world’s good. The world is a better place with so many of these terrorists dead or killed.”

Next door, the siblings of a soldier who died on Monday were listlessly watching a game of snooker on TV; on the table were trays of cakes baked by local supporters, some of them German.

Since the push into Falluja, staff at Landstuhl have been working flat out.

How do they cope with the stress? “I’ve been doing OK. But it does take its toll. You do end up suffering from compassion fatigue,” says Captain George Sakakini, the head of the medical team, and one of the few doctors there who appears to have doubts about the mission in Iraq.

It isn’t always easy to predict which patients will live and which die, he adds. What does he think about the growing human cost of America’s biggest military adventure since Vietnam? “War seems to be an inevitable part of the human condition. But yes, it makes me sad. As a physician, it’s hard to accept.”

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Department of Homeland Security wants our kids to carry identity papers

Homeland Security’s Request For Student Data Stirs Concern

 

By ALONSO SOTO and ROBERT BLOCK
Staff Reporters of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
November 24, 2004; Page A4

 

WASHINGTON — A Homeland Security Department campaign to make schoolchildren better prepared for terrorist attacks is raising concerns about making them more vulnerable to identity theft as well.

The department’s preparedness form, which went out as part of the “Ready” campaign in September and October, asks that students in junior and senior high school carry around a form that includes their Social Security number, birth date and home address, as well those of their parents and siblings.

The move first caused an outcry in Rhode Island when a consumer fraud investigator brought it to the attention of Patrick Lynch, the state attorney general. Mr. Lynch responded by firing off a letter to Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge requesting that he revise the form immediately.

“While I do agree that it is important for families to have a plan in the event of an emergency, I believe this particular form is capable of more harm than good,” he said in the letter dated Oct. 14. He said he was particularly concerned about the part of the form that exhorts: “Take this out of your agenda, fill it out with family and make copies to keep in your schoolbag and in visible locations at home.”

Mr. Lynch said that asking children to carry around such information was an invitation to identity thieves because teenagers frequently lose or misplace their backpacks.

Mr. Lynch said in a phone interview yesterday that he has yet to receive any response from Homeland Security.

Department spokesman Brian Roehrkasse denied that the government was encouraging identity theft, saying that people worried about such problems could choose to leave the sensitive entries blank. “People can choose to include whatever information on the forms they like,” he said.

Several Homeland Security programs have drawn criticism and privacy complaints from civil activists over the past two years. The agency says that such measures need to be taken to protect Americans from terrorist plots.

Homeland Security officials declined to say how many student planners with the forms were sent around the country, but say that they have removed the sentence encouraging students to keep copies of the forms in their backpacks from the latest version. However, space for the family Social Security numbers is still included. Mr. Roehrkasse said that forms which will be sent to younger children later this year won’t include space for Social Security information.

Barry Steinhardt, the director of the American Civil Liberties Union Liberty Project, said Homeland Security was “grossly irresponsible” for the form, saying that it should know that identify theft is an epidemic in the country and their actions would only make it easier for thieves. “I hope this was just a misjudgment by the department and not a concealed attempt to collect data,” he said.

According to the Federal Trade Commission, the problem of identity theft cost Americans nearly $43 billion last year. Identity theft is also of major concern to federal law-enforcement officials because it could help terrorists disguise their activities.

In addition to complaining to Mr. Ridge, Mr. Lynch wrote to Rhode Island’s state director of Homeland Security affairs and to the superintendents of each of the state’s school systems asking them to disregard the Homeland form. “We don’t want children, we don’t want adults, we don’t want anybody giving up their Social Security numbers,” he said.

Write to Alonso Soto at alonso.soto@wsj.com1 and Robert Block at bobby.block@wsj.com

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Retention Desperation: Marines Offer $30,000 Re-Enlistment Bonuses

Marines Offered Reenlistment Bonuses

Personnel with combat experience and training can get up to $30,000. The goal is for them to keep current jobs or shift to other vital posts.

By Tony Perry
Times Staff Writer
November 26, 2004

CAMP PENDLETON, California — With the prospect of continued fighting in Iraq, the Marine Corps is offering bonuses of up to $30,000 — in some cases tax-free — to persuade enlisted personnel with combat experience and training to reenlist.

The plan is working, officials said. Less than two months into the fiscal year, Marine reenlistment rates in several key specialties are running 10{cd9ac3671b356cd86fdb96f1eda7eb3bb1367f54cff58cc36abbd73c33c82e1d} to 30{cd9ac3671b356cd86fdb96f1eda7eb3bb1367f54cff58cc36abbd73c33c82e1d} ahead of last year.

For example, officials are confident that by midyear, they will have reached their target for encouraging reenlistment among riflemen, the “grunts” who are key to the Marines’ ability to mount offensives against insurgent strongholds such as Fallouja.

In most cases, young Marines are agreeing to stay in their current jobs for four years. In others, they are allowed to transfer into jobs considered equally vital: recruiters, embassy guards and boot camp drill instructors.

“No amount of money is too much to retain combat experience in the corps, rather than starting over,” said Maj. Mark Menotti, assistant head of enlisted retention for the Marine Corps.

Giving bonuses to encourage Marines to reenlist is not new. But this year’s bonus schedule marks the first time that “combat arms” specialties have received the largest bonuses. A year ago, the top bonus for a grunt was about $7,000.

Along with riflemen, machine gunners and mortar men, specialties also receiving sizable bonuses are those critical to success in Iraq — including intelligence officers and Arabic linguists.

Lance Cpl. Matthew Jee, 21, of Borrego Springs, Calif., received a bonus of $19,000 to reenlist for four years. An assault man with expertise in firing the Javelin rocket, he planned to shift to the intelligence field.

“They need a grunt’s view of what kind of intelligence you need when you’re out there on the street,” Jee said at Camp Pendleton, where he recently returned after seven months in Iraq.

Sgt. Joey W. McBroom, 30, of Lafayette, Tenn., a rifleman, said he had planned to reenlist even without the bonus, but the $28,039 “helped my wife to agree to my reenlisting.”

In an e-mail from Iraq, McBroom said he planned to put 40{cd9ac3671b356cd86fdb96f1eda7eb3bb1367f54cff58cc36abbd73c33c82e1d} of the bonus in a mutual fund, 30{cd9ac3671b356cd86fdb96f1eda7eb3bb1367f54cff58cc36abbd73c33c82e1d} in an account for his children’s college educations, 15{cd9ac3671b356cd86fdb96f1eda7eb3bb1367f54cff58cc36abbd73c33c82e1d} in savings and the remainder for “a nice wedding ring for the wife, finally.”

Another rifleman, Cpl. Anthony Mazzola, 23, of Fort Worth, has more immediate plans for his $21,700. “I plan to take all of my money to Vegas and have a crazy weekend,” he e-mailed from Iraq.

The Marine Corps has earmarked $52 million in bonuses for the fiscal year that started Oct. 1, up $1 million from the prior year.

Two-thirds of the bonus money will go for Marines reenlisting for a second hitch. One-third will go to enlistees signing up for a third or fourth tour. Officers — except in particularly difficult-to-retain specialties such as aviation and law — are not eligible.

The amount of the bonus is determined by a formula involving the length of reenlistment, how early the Marine makes the commitment and a multiplier determined by the commandant of the Marine Corps. Among other things, the multiplier involves a statistical analysis of how much money will be needed to ensure that enough Marines reenlist in a particular specialty.

Take, for example, a sergeant trained in tank warfare.

If the sergeant reenlists for four years, his bonus is determined by multiplying his monthly pay — $1,817 — by four. That figure then is multiplied by four, a rate set by Marine officials for his skill. The highest skill multiplier is five. For the sergeant, the bonus computes to $29,072. If he reenlists while in Iraq, his bonus, like his regular pay, is tax-exempt.

For grunts, the bonuses are also a sign of recognition.

Cpl. Steven Forrester, 22, a machine gunner from Centerville, Tenn., said he was “glad they finally realized our job is dangerous.” He received $22,796.

Cpl. William Stoffers, 22, a machine gunner from Redding, said the size of the bonus for his specialty was a pleasant surprise:

“I think it’s fitting to have this amount because we are put through more stressful things than a normal Marine,” e-mailed Stoffers, who is in Iraq; his total was $21,000.

Among combat veterans, there is a sense that they are being paid for having learned things that cannot be taught at the school of infantry. Many are eager to pass that knowledge to others.

Cpl. William Jones, 22, of Tulsa, Okla., a rifleman, received a bonus of $19,000 and now wants to teach Navy corpsmen how to handle combat. “The more Marines we have who’ve been over there, the better off the corps is going to be,” he said. “It’s going to cost money, but it will save lives.”

Sgt. Deverson Lochard, 23, from Lakeville, Mass., a machine gunner who received a bonus of $23,000, wants to become a drill instructor and, after he becomes a U.S. citizen, an officer.

Like Jones and Jee, Lochard, who was born in France, was in combat at Ramadi and is now back at Camp Pendleton.

“I want to teach junior Marines how to go into combat and come back alive.”

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Army National Guard Fails Short of Recruiting Goal by 30 Percent

Army National Guard misses recruiting goal

 
By Dave Moniz, USA TODAY
November 24, 2004
 
WASHINGTON — The Army National Guard has fallen significantly behind its recruiting goal one month into the military’s new fiscal year, continuing a downward slide that began in 2003 and could make it harder for the Pentagon to find enough troops for the war in Iraq.

In October, the Army Guard recruited 2,546 enlistees, more than 30{cd9ac3671b356cd86fdb96f1eda7eb3bb1367f54cff58cc36abbd73c33c82e1d} below its target of 3,675.

The numbers do not bode well for the Army Guard, which missed its 2004 recruiting target of 56,000 enlistees by nearly 7,000. This year, the 350,000-member Guard has an even larger goal of 65,000, in part to make up for last year.

The chief reason for the shortfall is a downturn in recruits with military experience, men and women who leave the active-duty Army but sign up for Guard duty that usually involves a weekend a month and two weeks during the summer.

In past years, these “prior service” soldiers accounted for about half of all Guard recruits. Now, however, many soldiers leaving active duty are reluctant to join because of the enormous new demands on America’s part-time military, including active duty missions that can last up to 18 months.

The Army National Guard and Army Reserve are auxiliary forces that back up the active-duty military. Most troops serve part-time, but in the last three years the Pentagon has called up thousands for active-duty tours. Guard and Reserve soldiers now make up more than 40{cd9ac3671b356cd86fdb96f1eda7eb3bb1367f54cff58cc36abbd73c33c82e1d} of the 138,000 U.S. troops in Iraq.

“I’d be very worried right now (about meeting the 2005 recruiting goal) if I were the Guard,” says David Segal, a military sociologist at the University of Maryland. “You would have to look at a couple more months of data before you could say the sky is falling. But the sky is definitely tilting.”

Lt. Col. Mike Jones, a deputy division chief in charge of National Guard recruiting, says Guard officials remain optimistic. “I would much rather be in the positive than the negative at this point,” Jones acknowledges, but he predicts recruiting will pick up next year.

Another bad year could affect the Guard’s ability to fully staff some units. Lt. Gen. Steve Blum, the Guard’s top commander, announced earlier this year that the Guard will increase its recruiting force by adding 1,400 recruiters to augment the 2,700 on duty .

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Report: 20,802 U.S. troops treated at Landstuhl from Iraq or Afghanistan

VA chief vows to work for the wounded

LANDSTUHL, Germany — Emerging from a meeting with injured troops at the Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, the Department of Veterans Affairs’ top official vowed Monday to work for the timely delivery of benefits to America’s “wounded heroes.”

Secretary of Veterans Affairs Anthony Principi spent more than an hour meeting with about 20 troops at the hospital in a brief stop on his way to Thanksgiving in Afghanistan.

Afterward, he spoke about the need to take care of soldiers wounded in the war on terrorism. Principi said he was heartened by the morale of the troops recovering at Landstuhl, and would work “to make sure that the VA takes care of them” when they separate from the military.

But the VA faces a massive task in trying to quickly funnel health benefits to troops recently wounded or disabled in Iraq and Afghanistan. In a letter to The Washington Post last month, Principi said his office receives more than 60,000 new benefits claims each month, and at any given time has more than 250,000 claims being processed.

The government’s second-largest agency also has come under fire for the amount of time it takes to process claims.

Working through the complicated separation and claims process can take months for separating troops, prompting the VA to expand its services in 2001 and begin its “seamless transition” initiative last year to streamline the VA processing procedure.

That initiative included efforts to improve communication between the VA and the Department of Defense, the addition of extra benefits counselors and internal VA moves to ensure that troops wounded in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom receive priority care.

“They’ve earned those benefits, and I want to ensure they get them,” Principi said.

The VA’s 2001 expansion of services has made a big difference to troops passing through the Landstuhl hospital, according to Jerl York, officer in charge for the seven-member VA staff at Landstuhl.

As of Tuesday, 20,802 troops have been treated at Landstuhl from injuries received in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.

York said that the predischarge program available at Landstuhl allows separating troops to work through the claims process while still in Germany, allowing them to circumvent most of the ponderous VA central claims system, based in Washington, D.C.

“In the States, processing can take up to a year,” York said. But working through the Landstuhl program allows separating troops to receive benefits in as little as 60 to 100 days, he said.

“We can essentially write the award and the benefit starts flowing then,” he said.

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Thousands of Reservists Face Back Door Draft

MANY RESERVISTS FEELING A ‘DRAFT’

By WILLIAM BUNCH
bunchw@phillynews.com

GENNARO PELLEGRINI JR., a 31-year-old Philadelphia police officer, was playing Sony Playstation video games with a nephew one night last April when a single phone call turned his world upside down.

He was just two weeks away from the end of a six-year hitch in the Pennsylvania National Guard, one of several signs that Pellegrini was hitting a new phase in life.

As he neared his third anniversary as a cop patrolling the streets around Fishtown, he was now also engaged to be married. And a highly successful amateur welterweight boxer, he was also training for his first professional fight at the legendary Blue Horizon arena on North Broad.

That’s when the commander from his National Guard armory called with some stunning news. The Pentagon, invoking the fine print in his enlistment papers, was not only extending his tour for up to 18 months, but was calling him up for active duty.

He was told to begin training to go to Iraq by year’s end.

“I was mad,” Pellegrini said last week, and his anger has only grown over the last six months of training in Texas and Louisiana. He said he’s too out of shape to fight, and his fiancee broke up with him. He called the conflict in Iraq “a so-called war” and sees U.S. troops as caught in an impossible situation.

But like it or not, he left yesterday to begin his service.

Pellegrini is one of several thousands reservists or ex-soldiers who are going to the bloody war in Iraq under what the Pentagon calls “a stop-loss” program – but critics are calling “a back-door draft.”

The Philly cop is hardly alone. Officials estimated that some 40,000 National Guard members have had their tours extended involuntarily, most for hazardous duty in Iraq or Afghanistan.

In recent weeks, the Pentagon has been digging deeper, calling on an additional 4,000 ex-soldiers – many of whom left the military years ago to start jobs or raise families – who are part of a pool called the Individual Ready Reserve, or IRR, to resume active duty because troops are stretched so thin.

The Pentagon moves are legal – some 110,000 former troops agreed to belong to the IRR when they left active duty before their eight-year commitment – and officials say there is considerable precedent. Nearly 15,000 IRR soldiers were called up for the first Persian Gulf War in 1991, although for much less than the one-year commitment sought for the new conflict.

Still, with no end to the insurgency in Iraq in sight, the call-ups are starting to exhibit increasing resistance in ways that – like some other aspects of the fighting in Gulf region – may remind some people of the Vietnam era.

The New York Times reported last week that roughly half of the 4,000 IRR call-ups are trying to avoid their service either through official channels or by simply not showing up.

Among the larger pool of National Guard call-ups – the category that Pellegrini belongs to — there are some looking to win conscientious objector status, and several have gone to court seeking legal protection.

In one Sacramento, Calif., case that’s been receiving publicity, a married father of two serving in the California Army National Guard went to court this month in a last-ditch effort to prevent his deployment to Iraq, supposed to happen this week. His lawyers have argued that President Bush lacks the authority to make these “stop-loss” call-ups, but the unnamed soldier has already lost one round, and legal experts doubt he will succeed.

In the meantime, an ad hoc network of military families and anti-war activists has been working closely with soldiers looking for ways to contest their recent call-ups. Officials here say they’re getting increasing calls for aid as the situation on the ground in Iraq seems to deteriorate.

“We get calls every day from people who are in the military reserves who are getting orders to go and who are saying, ‘This is something that I don’t want to do,’ ” said Bill Galvin, of the Center for Conscience and War, based in Washington, D.C.

Galvin said some of the most dire calls are from reservists who have already served one tour in Iraq and are getting orders to go back. “Some of them have said, ‘I’d go to jail before I’d go back there,’ ” he said. “They say they’ve witnessed things or participated in things that have caused them terrible trouble sleeping at night, and they don’t want to put themselves back in the middle of it.”

Meanwhile, many soldiers who could be called up – and their families – wait and worry that they’ll get a phone call like the one Pellegrini received.

“It’s just like a back-door draft,” said Ben Sears, a just-retired West Philadelphia High history teacher whose 28-year-old son is finishing a five-year Army enlistment in San Antonio. He said that Zachary Sears, a graduate of Philly’s Masterman High and of American University, will be placed on the IRR if he doesn’t re-enlist.

“Last week when he was home, he said he’s not going to Iraq,” Sears said. “He really hates the war – he’s always been against it.”

Most reservists and ex-soldiers are like Pellegrini – willing to obey their orders, but not particularly happy about it. Pellegrini said that he was just two weeks away from completing his National Guard obligation when he was called at his rowhouse in Port Richmond.

Yesterday, Pellegrini was slated to leave for a base in Louisiana, destined for an undisclosed location in Iraq. His unit A Company 1/111 from Northeast Philadelphia is slated to serve a year over there, possibly longer.

In the meantime, Pellegrini’s been watching some news on TV, and he doesn’t like what he sees. “This isn’t a war they’re giving us over there – this is policing stuff,” said Pellegrini, who knows a thing or two about law enforcement.

He also knows something about putting up a fight. With a 17-1 record as an amateur, Pellegrini sent James Andre Harris onto the canvas in the 4th round when he fought this May at the Blue Horizon, his one and only pro bout.

Preparing for Iraq may be tougher than anything he’s encountered in the ring. He said his fiancee left him rather than deal with his long absence, and hours of classroom training have left him in worse – not better – physical condition.

Now, he said, “I just want to get it done, come home, and continue my life.”

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Medics Testify to Fallujah’s Horrors

Medics Testify to Fallujah’s Horrors

Navy Corpsmen Treated Unusually Devastating Injuries at Field Hospital

By Jackie Spinner
Washington Post Staff Writer
Wednesday, November 24, 2004; Page A15

FALLUJAH, Iraq — The first time Jose Ramirez saw a human body ripped apart by a rocket, it took hours for him to regain his composure. Nothing in his training as a Navy medical corpsman had prepared him for the sight of the dead Marine brought in September to the military field hospital outside Fallujah.

“I walked around in shock,” said Ramirez, 26, of San Antonio, a Navy petty officer third class attached to Bravo Surgical Company. “I’ve seen people die before on the emergency room table. But what I was trying not to do, what I was trained not to do, is look at the patient with tunnel vision. It reminded me that I had to get prepared.”

Two months later, when the first wounded American and Iraqi troops arrived at the hospital after storming Fallujah, Ramirez had braced for the worst.

“It doesn’t hit me when I’m working on a patient. But after we’re cleaning up, and I see the blood on the floor or I see someone bagging a piece of arm or leg, I know it’s going to be in my mind for the rest of my life,” Ramirez said.

Fifty-one U.S. troops have been killed and 425 wounded since the ground assault on this insurgent stronghold began on Nov. 8. Although U.S. commanders say they control the city, Marine units are still going door to door to root out the remaining fighters, sometimes with deadly consequences.

Medics at the Bravo Surgical Company’s field hospital, where all the battlefield dead and wounded are brought, said the injuries that troops sustained in the Fallujah fight were unusually devastating, most of them the result of close-range explosions.

“They’re just horrific injuries,” said Chief Petty Officer Damon Sanders, head of the shock stabilization team. “We saw an increasing amount of shrapnel wounds. Typically there are one or two people who take the brunt of the blast, and the rest of the guys take shrapnel.”

Sanders, 36, of Temecula, Calif., said the injuries sustained in Fallujah were more severe than those typically suffered in Iraq, largely because the insurgents had been in control of the city for months and were ready to fight.

“It’s when you’re waiting, you give the enemy time to set up,” he said. “When they’re running, they can’t do as much.”

Marine Lance Cpl. Davi Allen said he saw little action in the first days of the Fallujah offensive. But last week, after the city had mostly been secured, he and his platoon — part of the 1st Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment — were clearing houses in one of the northern neighborhoods that troops swept through at the start of the offensive. After going through about 50 houses, Allen, 21, of Cloverdale, Ore., was looking around the small living room of a residence when he heard gunshots coming from the kitchen.

He looked over and saw a grenade roll into the room. The house’s windows had bars on them, and the grenade was too close to the doorway for Allen to make a run for it. He said he had no choice but to ride it out.

“I balled myself in the corner and waited,” he said. “It blew up behind me.”

Two Marines were injured and one was killed in the attack. Medics brought Allen to Bravo Surgical with 24 pieces of shrapnel in his backside. One of the corpsmen who treated him was Ramirez.

When Allen recounted the tale last weekend, he was standing outside the hospital, sipping a soda. Ramirez dashed by to help carry an injured Iraqi detainee to a waiting ambulance, then came over to talk to Allen. They share an interest in rap music, the two said, and Ramirez repeated a promise to bring Allen some music.

“I knew eventually I’d get hurt,” Allen said, cuts still visible on his hands and arms. “I was lucky just to get a grenade. I just want to go back home and see my wife.”

Ramirez said the hospital prepared for large numbers of wounded troops before the battle began. But he and his colleagues did not prepare for what he called “the walking wounded.” At the last minute, the corpsmen set up a tent to deal with patients who were not brought in on stretchers. Another tent was set up for Iraqi detainees. That freed up some space for the seriously injured, he said, but so many were carried in that a lounge had to be turned into a triage room.

“When they told us we’d go into Fallujah, many of us thought we’d see gunshot wounds, but not people with limbs already amputated due to the blast,” Ramirez said.

He spent a lot of time reassuring troops that they were getting the best care possible. “There was one soldier, and I needed to put an IV in his arm,” Ramirez recalled. “He was really nervous, and I told him, ‘Look man, you just survived a blast.’ “

Sanders said the hospital staff worked around the clock during the height of the battle, particularly as troops pushed into Fallujah’s southern neighborhoods and confronted a hard core of better-trained insurgents.

There are days, Sanders said, that he and his crew will never forget.

“You’re seeing your brothers come in, but you can’t see them. You’re almost like a machine,” he said. “The history we’ve gone through here will forever make us family. If we see each other 10 years from now, not a word will have to be spoken.”

During a recent break, Ramirez imagined facing his mother and what he would say to her. He joined the Navy 8 1/2 years ago to become a medical corpsman after her breast cancer was diagnosed. A single parent, his mother raised him to be the best at what he did, no matter what path he chose, Ramirez said.

“I would honestly be afraid to go back home and tell my family I didn’t perform the best I could,” he said. “I couldn’t look my mother in the eye.”

In the distance, but close enough for the ground to shake, an explosion thundered, sending a dark mushroom cloud toward the clear, blue sky.

“We’ll know soon enough if it was incoming,” Ramirez said, stretching his legs. “I will shoot if I have to. I have shot at people, but that’s not what I’m here for. I’m here to save lives.”

A few minute passed, then a half-hour, and no ambulance raced to the door of the hospital.

“There’s just one thing I want you to know,” Ramirez said, before turning to walk away. “There is a corpsman in the memorial of Iwo Jima. He’s a pharmacist mate, second class, John Bradley. He was there in the fight. Most people don’t know that.”

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